The most common on the Internet is to search by keyword, ie, search for documents that contain exactly the specified text. To get links to pages where you found the phrase in full (and not the words separately), your request must be enclosed in quotes.
Less common search using the operands of a Boolean algebra, such as AND, NOT and OR. Using the operand significantly increases the efficiency of search.
New in Internet search - Proximity search (search distance). This search, in which the user specifies at what distance between themselves should be placed key words in the document.
Another kind of search - Query By Example (find similar). This useful feature has only a part of the search engines. When viewing the results of the initial search, you select a document or group of documents that are closest to what you're looking for and gives the system command to find similar documents.
Another search - Query Expansion (advanced request) - the process of constructing a new query based on the previous one.